3%, and other HAI 1.4%. Microbiological investigations were only documented for 18.9% of all patients. A total of 558 patients (59.8%) were taking 902 courses of antibiotics; 92.1% of patients were prescribed antibiotics without a sensitivity test. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that HAI was significantly

associated with the admission source, the hospital, length of hospital stay, surgical and other invasive procedures, urinary catheters and other indwelling devices. The study results were comparable with reports from some other developing countries and confirm that official statistics underestimate the true frequency of HAI in Mongolia. (C) 2010 The Hospital 3 Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Cyanobacteria CP-868596 supplier and green algae present in biological see more soil crusts are able to colonize mineral substrates even under extreme environmental conditions. As pioneer organisms, they play a key role during the first phases of habitat colonization. A characteristic crust was sampled 3 years after installation of the artificial water catchment “Chicken creek”, thus representing an early

successional stage of ecosystem development. Mean annual rainfall and temperature were 559 mm and 9.3A degrees C, respectively. We combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and infrared (FTIR) microscopy to study the contact zone of algal and cyanobacterial mucilage with soil minerals in an undisturbed biological soil crust and in the subjacent sandy substrate. The crust was characterized by an approximately 50 mu m thick surface layer, where microorganisms resided and where mineral deposition was trapped, and by an approximately 2.5 mm thick lower

crust where mineral particles were stabilized by organo-mineral structures. SEM/EDX microscopy was used to determine the spatial distribution of elements, organic compounds and minerals were identified using FTIR microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The concentration of organic carbon in the Vactosertib cost crust was about twice as much as in the parent material. Depletion of Fe, Al and Mn in the lower crust and in the subjacent 5 mm compared to the geological substrate was observed. This could be interpreted as the initial phase of podzolization. Existence of bridging structures between mineral particles of the lower crust, containing phyllosilicates, Fe compounds and organic matter (OM), may indicate the formation of organo-mineral associations. pH decreased from 8.1 in the original substrate to 5.1 on the crust surface 3 years after construction, pointing to rapid weathering of carbonates. Weathering of silicates could not be detected.”
“Elaboration and validation of diagrammatic scale to evaluate gray mold severity in castor bean A diagrammatic scale was developed to standardize assessment of gray mold in castor bean bunches, caused by Amphobotrys ricini.

Near infrared (NIR) excitation is preferred because NIR light is safer and can penetrate deeper in biological tissues. However, most photolabile groups cannot be excited by NIR light directly. So light conversion from NIR to UV/visible is required. Nanomaterials that display upconversion or two-photon-excitation properties have been developed that can serve as nanotransducers, converting NIR to UV/visible light to which the aforementioned photoresponsive moieties are sensitive. This Account will review the existing light-based nanoparticle delivery systems, their applications, the limitations they face, and the technologies that have emerged in an effort to overcome these limitations.”
“Functional

connectivity (FC) reflects the coherence of spontaneous, low-frequency fluctuations

in functional Copanlisib solubility dmso magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We report a behavior-based connectivity analysis method, in which whole-brain data are used to identify behaviorally relevant, intrinsic FC networks. Nineteen younger adults (20-28 years) and 19 healthy, older adults (63-78 years) were assessed with fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results indicated that FC involving a distributed network of brain regions, particularly CH5424802 the inferior frontal gyri, exhibited age-related change in the 3 correlation with perceptual-motor speed (choice reaction time; RT). No relation between FC and RT was evident for younger adults, whereas older adults exhibited a significant age-related slowing Nirogacestat manufacturer of perceptual-motor

speed, which was mediated by decreasing FC. Older adults’ FC values were in turn associated positively with white matter integrity (from DTI) within the genu of the corpus callosum. The developed FC analysis illustrates the value of identifying connectivity by combining structural, functional, and behavioral data.”
“Antiviral drugs for treating polyomavirus BK (BKV) replication in polyomavirus-associated nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis are of considerable clinical interest. Unlike cidofovir, the lipid conjugate 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl cidofovir (CMX001) is orally available and has not caused detectable nephrotoxicity in rodent models or human studies to date. Primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells were infected with BKV-Dunlop, and CMX001 was added 2 h postinfection (hpi). The intracellular and extracellular BKV DNA load was determined by quantitative PCR. Viral gene expression was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We also examined host cell viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, and DNA replication. The titration of CMX001 identified 0.31 mu M as the 90% effective concentration (EC(90)) for reducing the extracellular BKV load at 72 hpi. BKV large T antigen mRNA and protein expression was unaffected at 24 hpi, but the intracellular BKV genome was reduced by 90% at 48 hpi.

In summary, the different chemical properties of CPPs have little correlation with their ability to efficiently deliver splice-correcting PNA. However, conjugates of polycationic

and amphipathic peptides appear to utilize different internalization routes.”
“Retroviral vectors integrate in genes and regulatory elements and may cause transcriptional deregulation of gene expression in target cells. Integration into transcribed genes also has the potential to deregulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by interfering with splicing and polyadenylation of primary transcripts. To examine the impact of retroviral vector integration on transcript splicing, we transduced primary human cells or cultured cells with HIV-derived vectors carrying a reporter gene or a human beta-globin gene under the control of a reduced-size locus-control region (LCR). click here Cells were randomly cloned

and integration sites were determined in individual clones. We identified aberrantly spliced, chimeric transcripts in more than half of the targeted genes in all cell types. Chimeric transcripts were generated through the use of constitutive and cryptic splice sites in the HIV 5′ long terminal repeat and gag gene as well as in the beta-globin gene and AZD5153 cost LCR. Compared with constitutively spliced transcripts, most aberrant transcripts accumulated at a low level, at least in part as a consequence of nonsense-mediated. mRNA degradation. A limited set of cryptic splice selleck chemicals sites caused the majority of aberrant splicing events, providing a strategy

for recoding lentiviral vector backbones and transgenes to reduce their potential posttranscriptional genotoxicity.”
“Bromine radical-mediated cyclopropylcarbinyl-homoallyl rearrangement of alkylidenecyclopropanes was effectively accomplished by C-C bond formation with allylic bromides, which led to the syntheses of 2-bromo-1,6-dienes. A three-component coupling reaction comprising alkylidenecyclopropanes, allylic bromides, and carbon monoxide also proceeded well to give 2-bromo-1,7-dien-5-ones in good yield.”
“The title amine, C13H14N2, is twisted with a dihedral angle between the rings of 60.07 (9)degrees. The amine N-H group and 3 pyridine N atom are syn allowing for the formation of centrosymmetric eight-membered center dot center dot center dot HNCN(2) synthons via N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds. The two-molecule aggregates are sustained in the three-dimensional crystal packing via C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi-pi interactions [centroid-centroid distance for pyridyl rings = 3.7535 (12) angstrom]“
“Objectives: (1) to investigate the test-retest reliability of 3D gait analysis (3DGA) in hip Osteoarthritis (OA) patients; (2) to find the minimum number of gait trials needed to overcome intrinsic variability; (3) to check the accuracy of angles measured by the 3D system.

Evaluated outcomes

are glycemic control, length of stay, complication rates, amputation rates, infection rates and the use of hyperbaric oxygen. Conclusions: Best 123 outcomes for this high risk population will be attainable with an evidence based guideline. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.”
“This paper describes how individuals struggling with severe mental illness experience stigma along multiple dimensions including their experiences of discrimination by others, their unwillingness to disclose information about their mental health, and their internalization or rejection of the negative and positive aspects of having mental health problems. This cross-sectional study employs descriptive analyses and linear regression HM781-36B nmr to assess the relationship between demographics, mental health diagnoses and self-reported stigma among people receiving mental health services in a large and ethnically diverse county public mental health system (n = 1,237) in 2009. We used the King Stigma Scale to

measure three factors related to stigma: discrimination, disclosure, and positive aspects of mental illness. Most people (89.7 %) reported experiencing some discrimination from having mental health problems. Regression analyses revealed that younger people in treatment experienced more stigma related to mental health problems. Women reported experiencing more stigma than men, but men were less likely to endorse the potentially positive aspects NU7441 chemical structure of facing mental health challenges than women. Although people with mood disorders reported more discomfort with disclosing mental illness than people with schizophrenia, they did not report experiencing more discrimination than people with schizophrenia. Study

findings suggest that the multidimensional experiences of stigma differ as a function of age, gender, and diagnosis. Importantly, these findings should inform anti-stigma efforts by describing different potential treatment barriers due to experiences of stigma among people using mental health services, especially among younger VS-6063 cell line people and women who may be more susceptible to stigma.”
“An adverse early-life environment is associated with long-term disease consequences. Adversity early in life is hypothesized to elicit developmental adaptations that serve to improve fetal and postnatal survival and prepare the organism for a particular range of postnatal environments. These processes, although adaptive in their nature, may later prove to be maladaptive or disadvantageous if the prenatal and postnatal environments are widely discrepant. The exposure of the fetus to elevated levels of either endogenous or synthetic glucocorticoids is one model of early-life adversity that contributes substantially to the propensity of developing disease.

Among the 490 patients, 86 (17.6%; 86/490) were diagnosed selleck chemicals llc as having H-BPPV variants

using the McClure-Pagnini test. Fifty-four patients were female, and 32 were male; they ranged in age from 18 to 92 years (mean age, 56.2 yr). Results: Among the 86 H-BPPV patients, 74.4% (64/86) were hypothesized to have canalithiasis, 20.9% (18/86) were hypothesized to have cupulolithiasis-utricle type (Cup-U), and 4.7% (4/86) were hypothesized to have the cupulolithiasis-cupula type (Cup-C). The primary treatment maneuver was the forced prolonged position (FPP). For 3 patients exhibiting refractory symptoms, we introduced the Gufoni maneuver. The total average success rate of treatment was 96%. Conclusion: We concluded that for H-BPPV patients with initial geotropic nystagmus, the FPP alone yielded an excellent treatment-control rate,

and the barbecue-rotation maneuver was unnecessary. However, observing the nystagmus transformation of apogeotropic patients was necessary before administering treatment. For cupulolithiasis patients with the apogeotropic variant who did not respond to FPP treatment alone, we determined that the Gufoni maneuver was necessary as well.”
“BACKGROUND: Persistent activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is commonly detected in many types of cancer, including colon cancer. To date, whether STAT3 is activated and the effects of STAT3 inhibition by a newly developed curcumin analogue, GO-Y030, in colon cancer stem cells are still unknown.\n\nMETHODS: Flow cytometry was Screening Library supplier used to isolate colon cancer stem cells, which are characterised by both aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive and CD133-positive subpopulations (ALDH(+)/CD133(+)). The levels of STAT3 phosphorylation

and the effects of STAT3 inhibition by a newly developed find more curcumin analogue, GO-Y030, that targets STAT3 in colon cancer stem cells were examined.\n\nRESULTS: Our results observed that ALDH(+)/CD133(+) colon cancer cells expressed higher levels of phosphorylated STAT3 than ALDH-negative/CD133-negative colon cancer cells, suggesting that STAT3 is activated in colon cancer stem cells. GO-Y030 and curcumin inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, cell viability, tumoursphere formation in colon cancer stem cells. GO-Y030 also reduced STAT3 downstream target gene expression and induced apoptosis in colon cancer stem cells. Furthermore, GO-Y030 suppressed tumour growth of cancer stem cells from both SW480 and HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines in the mouse model.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our results indicate that STAT3 is a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer stem cells, and inhibition of activated STAT3 in cancer stem cells by GO-Y030 may offer an effective treatment for colorectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 212-220. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.200 www.bjcancer.

Thus, chronic exposure of skin to UVB irradiation leads to histological changes consistent with aging, such as wrinkling, abnormal pigmentation, and loss of elasticity. We investigated the protective effect of the standardized green

tea seed extract (GSE) on UVB-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Skin photoaging was induced by UVB irradiation on the back of Skh-1 hairless mice three times per week and UVB irradiation was performed for 10 weeks. Mice were divided into six groups; normal control, UVB irradiated control group, positive control (UVB + dietary supplement of vitamin C 100 Galardin mg/kg), GSE 10 mg/kg (UVB + dietary supplement of GSE 10 mg/kg), GSE 100 mg/kg (UVB + dietary supplement of GSE 100 mg/kg), and GSE 200 mg/kg (UVB + dietary supplement of GSE 200 mg/kg). RESULTS: The dietary supplement GSE attenuated UVB irradiation-induced wrinkle formation and the decrease in density of dermal collagen fiber. In addition, results of the antioxidant ATM Kinase Inhibitor mouse analysis showed that GSE induced a significant 4 increase in antioxidant enzyme activity compared with the UVB irradiation control group. Dietary supplementation with GSE 200 mg/kg resulted in a significant decrease in expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 and an increase in expression of TIMP and type-1 collagen.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study suggest GSK1120212 solubility dmso that dietary supplement GSE could be useful in attenuation of UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging and wrinkle formation due to regulation of antioxidant defense systems and MMPs expression.”
“Background and Purpose An immature vascular phenotype in diabetes mellitus may cause more severe vascular damage and poorer functional outcomes after stroke, and it would be feasible to repair damaged functional vessels using endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation. However, high glucose induces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, which can accelerate the senescence

and apoptosis of EPCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of EPC transplantation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor administration on diabetic stroke outcomes. Methods Bone marrow-derived EPCs were injected intra-arterially into db/db mice after ischemic stroke induction. RWJ 67657 (RWJ), a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, was administered orally for 7 consecutive days, with the first dose given 30 minutes before stroke induction. Functional outcome was determined at days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. Angiogenesis, neurogenesis, infarct volume, and Western blotting assays were performed on day 7, and white matter remodeling was determined on day 14. Results Neither EPC transplantation nor RWJ administration alone significantly improved diabetic stroke outcome although RWJ displayed a potent anti-inflammatory effect.

\n\nResults: Both cell

lines expressed VEGFR2, but did not express Kit. Sunitinib displayed activity against both cell lines in vitro at low micromolar concentrations, which are not attainable in vivo, and was synergistic with cisplatin. Activity was observed for sunitinib at 20 and 40 mg/kg orally once daily for 4 weeks, which attains low nanomolar concentrations in vivo against murine 5637 xenografts. Sunitinib 20 mg/kg/d in combination with cisplatin 4 rng/kg/wk intraperitoneally induced tumor regression compared to no therapy (P < 0.0001) or cisplatin alone (P = 0.06). Cisplatin, sunitinib, and combination treated tumors displayed significantly reduced ki-67 expression compared with control untreated tumors, and the difference was also statistically significant for the combination compared with cisplatin. Androgen Receptor Antagonist Cleaved caspase-3 expression was significantly higher for sunitinib single agent and combination therapy compared with untreated controls, and for combination therapy

compared with cisplatin alone. CD31 expression was diminished for both single agents and combination therapy compared with untreated tumors.\n\nConclusions: Sunitinib is preclinically active against urothelial carcinoma, and enhances the activity of cisplatin probably by targeting the stroma. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights 432 reserved.”
“Round gobies and dreissenid mussels, exotic species in the North American Great Lakes basin, are euryhaline organisms whose geographic spread and ecological impacts in freshwaters may be limited by low levels of this website dissolved ions such as calcium (Ca). We measured source populations of these exotics in the St. Lawrence River and found population densities of dreissenids (range of similar to 1,000-6,400 individuals m(-2)) and round gobies (6-32 individuals m(-2)) similar to those in other Great Lake locations from which they have spread inland. However,

we found little evidence for their secondary invasion of inland Selleck CBL0137 tributary rivers and lakes of northern New York State. Using natural waters collected from inland ecosystems, we ran laboratory bioassays of reproduction, growth, and survival of several life stages of zebra and quagga mussels as well as the round goby. We found little difference in the responses of zebra and quagga mussels, with each species showing moderate reproductive success, growth, and survival at Ca concentrations > 13 mg L-1 and dramatic improvements at > 18 mg L-1. Round gobies showed moderate survival in waters with Ca concentrations > 8 mg L-1 and high survival > 18 mg L-1. These bioassays are the first such experiments for quagga mussels and round gobies and show how all three species may be similarly restricted in their ability to invade and permanently colonize significant geographic regions of New York State and perhaps the US.

Relative power in 4 different frequency P5091 molecular weight bands was calculated. The effect of age on global and regional relative power was examined. Globally, young AD patients showed lower alpha- and higher delta-power than old AD patients. Regional analysis showed that these differences were most pronounced in the parieto-occipital region. Young AD patients had lower beta- and higher theta-power than old patients in all but the temporal regions. In controls, there was no age effect on global relative power in any frequency band. Young AD patients present with more severe slowing of spontaneous oscillatory activity than old AD patients, which is most pronounced in the posterior brain areas. This finding

supports the hypothesis that early onset AD presents with a distinct endophenotype. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Activation of amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) and its related inflammatory response have been linked to the periventricular white matter damage after hypoxia in neonatal brain. Hypoxia increases free ATP in the brain and then induces 123 various effects through ATP receptors. The present study explored the possible mechanism in ATP induced AMC activation in hypoxia.\n\nResults: We first examined the immunoexpression of P2X4, P2X7 and P2Y12 in the corpus callosum (CC) and subependyma associated with the lateral ventricles where both areas are rich in AMC. Among the three purinergic receptors, P2X4 was most

intensely expressed. By double immunofluorescence, selleck inhibitor P2X4 was specifically localized in AMC (from P0 to P7) but the immunofluorescence in AMC was progressively diminished with advancing age (P14). It was further shown that P2X4 expression was noticeably enhanced in P0 day rats subjected to hypoxia and killed at 4, 24, 72 h and 7 d versus their matching controls by double labeling and western blotting analysis. P2X4 expression was most intense at 7 d whence the inflammatory response was drastic after hypoxia. We then studied the association of P2X4 with cytokine release in AMC after hypoxic exposure. In primary microglial cells exposed to hypoxia, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha protein levels were up-regulated.

Blockade of P2X4 receptor with 2′, 3′-0-(2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5′-triphosphate, a selective P2X1-7 blocker learn more resulted in partial suppression of IL-1 beta (24% vs hypoxic group) and TNF-alpha expression (40% vs hypoxic group). However, pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2, 4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt hydrate, a selective P2X1-3, 5-7 blocker did not exert any significant effect on the cytokine expression.\n\nConclusions: It is concluded that P2X4 which is constitutively expressed by AMC in postnatal rats was enhanced in hypoxia. Hypoxia induced increase in IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha expression was reversed by 2′, 3′-0-(2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5′-triphosphate suggesting that P2X4 mediates ATP induced AMC activation and its production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Results showed that our model recaptured the key experimental observation that the MBMSCs were more sensitive to SDF-1 secreted by MICs, and provided stiffer niches for these initiating cells and promoted their proliferation and drug resistance. Drug synergism analysis suggested that AMD3100 treatment undermined the capability of MICs to modulate the bone marrow microenvironment, and thus re-sensitized myeloma to Bortezomib treatments. This work is also

the first attempt to virtually visualize in 3D the dynamics of the bone marrow stiffness during myeloma development. In summary, we established a multi-scale model to facilitate the translation of the niche-stiffness centric myeloma model as well as experimental observations to possible clinical applications. We concluded that Cilengitide purchase targeting the biophysical properties of stem cell niches is of high clinical potential since it may re-sensitize tumor initiating cells to chemotherapies

and reduce risks of cancer relapse.”
“PURPOSE. We investigated the response of retinal vessel diameters and oxygen saturation to flicker light stimulation of neuronal activity in patients with diabetic retinopathy.\n\nMETHODS. We included 18 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mean age 62.2 +/- 8.3 years, diabetes type 1 in 4 patients and type 2 in 14, hemoglobin A1c 7.7 +/- 0.9%, duration of diabetes 24.1 +/- 9.3 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls (age 66.7 +/- 10.3 years). Dual Ruboxistaurin in vivo wavelength (548 and 610 nm) fundus images were taken before and during luminance flicker stimulation (12.5 Hz, modulation depth > 1: 25) for 90 seconds. Diameters (central retinal arterial [CRAE] and venous [CRVE] equivalents) and oxygen saturation (SO2) were determined, and averaged for all arterioles and venules in P005091 an annular area centered at the optic disk.\n\nRESULTS. Flicker light increased CRAE, CRVE, and venous SO2 by 0.6 +/- 6.6%, 2.7 +/- 6.1%, and 2.0 +/- 2.4% (P < 0.05), respectively, in the patients as well as 4.7 +/- 8.4% (P < 0.05), 8.7 +/- 5.2% (P < 0.05), and 4.2

+/- 3.5% (P < 0.05), respectively, in the controls. The arterial SO2 remained unchanged in both groups. The increase of the venous SO2 correlated significantly (P = 0.027) with that of the CRAE. There was a trend (P = 0.06) for lower increase of the venous SO2 with higher body mass index.\n\nCONCLUSIONS. Our results support the thesis of an impaired regulation of oxygen supply to the diabetic retina. Whereas in healthy subjects the stimulation of neuronal activity increases the vascular diameters and, subsequently, the oxygen supply, this increase is reduced in diabetic retinopathy. This may hint at the role of endothelial dysfunction in the etiology of the disease. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:4063-4068) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-9659″
“Question: Inflammatory cell numbers are important endpoints in clinical studies relying on endobronchial biopsies.

inornata. Body areas sampled included 6 locations from the fish epaxial and hypaxial muscles and 1 from each of the adductor mandibulae (cheek muscle), the cranial epaxial muscle, and the muscle of the caudal peduncle. Replicate samples were weighed and the number of plasmodia in each was recorded to determine the average density of plasmodia per gram of muscle in each area. The average density of plasmodia among fish was highly variable and was not correlated with fish size, age, or the homogeneity of distribution. Although the anterior hypaxial muscle (belly flap) was significantly more infected and the caudal peduncle less infected, when compared to all other areas examined in all fish combined,

10 out of 15 fish displayed an otherwise homogeneous distribution when data were analyzed fish by fish. Among the 5 fish with a nonuniform plasmodia distribution, 3 had a significantly higher burden in the belly flap, 1 in the area just posterior find more to the belly flap, and 1 in the cheek muscle. Based on these results, it was determined that hypaxial, caudal peduncle, and cheek muscles check details contributed greatly to the overall variation in plasmodia distribution observed whereas any portion of the epaxial muscle, as well

as the cranial muscle, would be the least-variable areas to sample to determine the status of infection in any given fish.”
“The cause of fracture of the femoral neck after hip resurfacing is poorly understood. In order to evaluate the role of 3 avascular necrosis we compared 19 femoral heads retrieved at revision for fracture of the femoral neck and 13 retrieved for other reasons.\n\nWe developed a new technique of assessing avascular necrosis in the femoral head by determining the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae present. Femoral heads retrieved as controls at total hip replacement for

osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis had 9% (SD 4; n = 13) and 85% (SD 5; n = 10, p < 0.001) empty lacunae, respectively.\n\nIn the fracture group the percentage of empty lacunae was 71% (SD 22); in the other group it was 21% (SD 13). The differences between SIS3 mouse the groups were highly significant (p < 0.001).\n\nWe conclude that fracture after resurfacing of the hip is associated with a significantly greater percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae within the trabecular bone. This indicates established avascular necrosis and suggests that damage to the blood supply at the time of surgery is a potent risk factor for fracture of the femoral neck after hip resurfacing.”
“Background and objectives Mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Middle East (ME) is projected to increase substantially by 2020. There are no large studies on the impact of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the region. This is a report on the association of nine risk factors with AMI in the ME. Methods and results As part of the INTERHEART (IH) study, we enrolled 1364 cases of first AMI and 1525 matching controls from eight ME countries.