All patients received antibiotics for 1 to 8 weeks. Four patients underwent Dinaciclib cell line mastoidectomy alone, 5 mastoidectomy with concurrent myringotomy and ventilation tube, and 1 myringotomy with tube without mastoidectomy. Three underwent anticoagulation for 6 months (1 had heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation). All survived; deafness occurred in 5 patients (4 transient, 1 persistent). Magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography should be obtained in any child with otitis media having features of raised intracranial pressure and/or focal neurodeficits to rule out lateral sinus thrombosis. Antibiotics and mastoidectomy are essential in management. A hypercoagulable state may

predispose to lateral sinus thrombosis.”
“Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a clinically important Pevonedistat price and ubiquitous herpesvirus. Following primary productive infection the virus is not completely eliminated from the host, but instead establishes a lifelong latent infection without detectable virus production, from where it can reactivate at a later stage to generate new infectious virus. Reactivated HCMV often results in life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals, particularly allogeneic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients, where it remains one of the most difficult opportunistic pathogens that

complicate the care of these patients. The ability of HCMV to establish and reactivate from latency is central to its success as a human pathogen, yet latency remains very poorly understood. This article will cover several aspects of HCMV latency, with a focus on current understanding of viral gene expression and functions during this phase of infection.”
“The complex permittivity of high-purity, semi-insulating, see more axis-aligned monocrystalline 4H-SiC has been determined over the frequency range 10-40 GHz and at temperatures from 40 up to 295 K using whispering gallery modes and quasi TE0,n,p modes in a dielectric resonator constructed from seven layers of a 375 mu m thick wafer. The real part of the permittivity

(in the plane of the wafers) was found to be nearly independent of frequency. The dielectric loss tangent of 4H-SiC increases with temperature above 100 K. All results were obtained for the semiconductor in darkness. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3561431]“
“Arthrogryposis is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multiple fixed joint contractures. Decreased fetal movement, regardless of etiology, causes an immobilization of the affected joints and subsequent contractures. Amyoplasia refers to the most common variant of arthrogryposis in which patients develop symmetrical limb contractures because of muscle underdevelopment. It is a sporadic condition with no known genetic abnormality being linked to this syndrome. The authors report a 4-month-old boy with amyoplasia carrying a novel de novo 614-Kb duplication of the 22q11.2 region.

aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Clinical outcomes were similar for DAP whether used as first- or second-line therapy. DAP was well tolerated even with prolonged treatment.”
“In managed landscapes, habitat BVD-523 molecular weight structure is frequently manipulated through the creation of features such as tracks, hedges, and waterways. If predator and prey activity are concentrated around these features, levels of predation may be elevated in these landscapes. This issue is of particular importance when habitat structures are

used to attract species of conservation concern. For example, the installation of linear waterways in wet grasslands is a common form of habitat management to benefit breeding waders and wader nests and foraging chicks tend

to be aggregated around wet features. If predator activity is also focused around these features, selleck inhibitor and if their linearity increases the probability of prey being located, then the conservation benefits of this management technique may be eliminated. We explore predator movement in relation to the structure and complexity of linear wet features within a lowland wet grassland landscape. We examine patterns of nest and chick predation in lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) at the whole-site, between-field and within-field scales. Mammalian predators were responsible for the majority of nest predation. However, we found no evidence that mammalian predators used linear wet features disproportionately within the landscape, or that wet feature distribution influenced

the probability of nest or chick predation. At the whole-site scale, nest predation rates were significantly higher in areas with greater predator presence and lowest where the number of breeding neighbours was high. Thus, predation levels were influenced by large-scale patterns of predator presence and lapwing density but not by the use of linear wet features as a habitat management tool. Managing predator impacts is therefore likely to require empirical assessments of local predator distribution and abundance in order to target measures effectively. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Studying fitness consequences of variable behavioural, physiological and cognitive traits in contemporary populations constitutes the specific contribution of human behavioural ecology to YM155 mw the study of human diversity. Yet, despite 30 years of evolutionary anthropological interest in the determinants of fitness, there exist few principled investigations of the diverse sources of wealth that might reveal selective forces during recent human history. To develop a more holistic understanding of how selection shapes human phenotypic traits, be these transmitted by genetic or cultural means, we expand the conventional focus on associations between socioeconomic status and fitness to three distinct types of wealth-embodied, material and relational.

The wettability and IDR of all amorphous samples was found to be higher than the crystalline samples. In conclusion, commercial ATC samples exhibited diverse solid state behavior that can impact the performance and stability of the dosage forms.”
“Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential clinical roles of circulating soluble interleukin (IL)-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and IL-6R expression on CD4+ T cells (CD4+ IL-6R+ T cells) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-three subjects, including 72 CHB patients, 27 asymptomatic carriers, eight acute

hepatitis B (AHB) patients, and 26 healthy donors were included in this study. Plasma IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the frequency of CD4+ IL-6R+ T cells was detected by flow cytometry analysis.

Results: Givinostat Our data showed a significant increase in plasma sIL-6R levels and the frequency of CD4+ IL-6R+ T cells in peripheral blood in CHB patients compared to asymptomatic carriers and healthy

controls (both p < 0.05). The elevated prevalence of CD4+ IL-6R+ T cells was positively associated with increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels in CHB patients (r = 0.316, p = 0.007), but was not correlated with serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load. Moreover, CHB patients with an HBV DNA load >1.0 x 10(6) copies/ml had a lower level of plasma sIL-6R than those with an HBV DNA load <1.0 x 10(6) copies/ml.

Conclusions: HKI-272 manufacturer Circulating BI 2536 cell line sIL-6R and CD4+ IL-6R+ T cells were increased in CHB patients. Elevated plasma sIL-6R is probably associated with HBV elimination, and CD4+ IL-6R+ T cells in peripheral blood might contribute to the pathogenesis of liver injury in CHB patients. (C) 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We have successfully aligned/dispersed the rod and spherical-shaped Si3N4 nanoparticles in the polypropylene (PP)

fibers through melt extrusion process to fabricate polymer nanocomposite (PNC) single fibers. The alignment/dispersion of Si3N4 nanoparticles in PP/Si3N4 PNC fibers has been carried out in a systematic manner to produce uniform single fibers. The PNC fibers were first uniformly stretched and stabilized using a two-set Godet machine. The as-extruded single PNC fibers were tested for their thermal and tensile properties. The test results of PNC fibers were compared to neat PP polymer single fibers fabricated using the same procedure as PNC fibers. These results show that the PNC fibers are much (307%) higher in tensile strength and modulus (>1000%) when compared with the neat PP polymer single fibers. The field emission scanning electron microscope results clearly show the alignment of rod-Si3N4 nanoparticles in polymer matrix.

“
“Background: The ecology of malaria vectors particularly in semi-arid areas of Africa is poorly understood. Accurate knowledge on this subject will boost current efforts to reduce the burden of malaria

in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to describe the dynamics of malaria transmission in two model semi-arid sites (Kamarimar and Tirion) in Baringo in Kenya.

Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors by pyrethrum spray collections (PSC) and outdoors by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and identified to species by morphological characteristics. Sibling species of Anopheles gambiae complex were further characterized by rDNA. PCR and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA) were used

to test for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins and host blood meal sources respectively.

Results: Anopheles arabiensis was not only the most see more this website dominant mosquito species in both study sites but also the only sibling species of An. gambiae s.l. present in the area. Other species identified in the study area were Anopheles funestus, Anopheles pharoensis and Anopheles coustani. For Kamarimar but not Tirion, the human blood index (HBI) for light trap samples was significantly higher than for PSC samples (Kamarimar, 0.63 and 0.11, Tirion, 0.48 and 0.43). The HBI for light trap samples was significantly higher in Kamarimar than in Tirion while that of PSC samples was significantly higher in Tirion than in Kamarimar. Entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were only detected for one month in Kamarimar and 3 months in Tirion. The number of houses in a homestead, number of people sleeping in the house, quality of the house, presence or absence of domestic animals, and distance to the animal shelter and the nearest larval habitat were significant

predictors of An. arabiensis occurrence.

Conclusion: Malaria transmission in the study area is seasonal with An. arabiensis as the dominant vector. The fact this species feeds readily on humans and domestic animals SNDX-275 suggest that zooprophylaxis may be a plausible malaria control strategy in semi-arid areas of Africa. The results also suggest that certain household characteristics may increase the risk of malaria transmission.”
“Coronary microcirculation plays a crucial role for the outcomes of patients with STEMI. Although PPCI improves outcomes compared to thrombolysis, a substantial amount of STEMI patients do not achieve optimal myocardial reperfusion. Angiographic methods for assessment of reperfusion like TIMI Flow and MBG are easy to use but new, catheter laboratory based techniques to assess reperfusion have a lot of potential to assess and potentially guide management of patients with STEMI.”
“Materials and methods: Fractionated irradiation, 10 x 3 Gy in two weeks, was given to the snout of the animals. In one group, a single injection of Palifermin (15 mg/kg, s.c.

“
“The dependence of shear strength of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-based adhesives on molecular

weight of the rubber is studied using coumarone-indene resin, gum rosin, and petro resin as tackifiers. The adhesive was coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film substrate using a SHEEN hand coater at various coating thickness. The shear strength of adhesives was determined by a Texture Analyzer. Results show a maximum at 6.63 x 10(4) and 4.14 x Pinometostat 10(4) for ENR 25 and ENR 50, respectively, after which the shear strength decreases with further increases in molecular weight for all the coating thickness. This observation is attributed to varying degree of cohesiveness which culminates at the respective optimum molecular weight of ENR. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 3976-3979, 2009″
“Forty-two consecutive pediatric patients with high-risk leukemia who received cord blood (CB) transplantation at the authors’ institution from January 1996 and December 2007 were included in this study. Age ranged from 6 months to 18 years and body weight from

7 to 73 kg. Twenty-nine patients had ALL and 13 AML. Twenty-seven out of 42 patients were transplanted in advanced phase of disease (beyond 2nd CR). For 13 patients the CB transplantation was their second transplant. The median follow-up for survivors was 60 months (range, 6-120 months). The probability of myeloid engraftment was 95 5% and the median time to neutrophil 500/L was 20 days (range, 12-54). The median time PP2 in vitro to platelet engraftment was 60 days (range, 37-200). The probability of relapse was 33 9%. The nonrelapse

mortality at day +100 after transplantation was 30 7%. The probability of disease-free survival was 34 7%. The CD34+ cell dose had a significant impact on DFS (HR, 3.28; 95% CI: 1.49-7.23; p = .003). The results from a long-term follow-up study suggest that cord blood transplantation should be performed in the early phase of disease whenever possible. The cord blood unit for transplantation in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies should be chosen based on cell dose, especially a CD34+ cell dose.”
“The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical and nanostructural properties of the alkali pre-treated gelatin from Duvelisib 3 different body parts (skin, muscle, and bone) of cornet fish (Fistularia petimba). The maximum yield of protein and viscosity was obtained in bone than other parts and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to characterize the extracted gelatin. Prior to extraction, the proximate composition was investigated clearly and the percentage of protein (15.50-29%), ash (4.32-6.50%), moisture (71.85-79.20%), and lipid (0.36-1.38%) content were estimated. Morphology of alkaline gelatin extracted from skin, muscle, and bone were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM images represented the scanning was done at 1.

One hundred ten studies reported on erosions with an overall rate, by meta-analysis, of 10.3%, (95% CI, 9.7 – 10.9%; range, 0 – 29.7%; synthetic, 10.3%; biological, 10.1%). Sixteen studies reported on wound granulation for a rate of 7.8%, (95% CI, 6.4 – 9.5%; range, 0 – 19.1%; synthetic, 6.8%; biological, 9.1%). Dyspareunia was described in 70 studies for a rate of 9.1%, (95% CI, 8.2 – 10.0%; range, 0 – 66.7%; synthetic, 8.9%; biological, 9.6%).

Erosions, wound granulation, and dyspareunia may occur after vaginal prolapse repair with graft materials, though rates vary widely across studies.”
“The shortage of transplant kidneys has spurred debate about legalizing

monetary payments to donors to increase the number of available kidneys. However, buying and selling organs Selleck NU7441 faces widespread disapproval. We survey a representative sample of Americans to assess disapproval for several forms of kidney market, and to understand why individuals disapprove by identifying factors that predict disapproval, including disapproval of markets for other body parts, dislike of increased scope for markets and distrust of markets generally. Our results suggest that while the public is potentially receptive to compensating kidney donors, among those who oppose it, general disapproval toward GDC-0941 purchase certain kinds of transactions is at least as important as concern about specific

policy details. Between 51% and 63% of respondents approve of the various potential kidney markets we investigate, and between 42% and 58% want such markets to be legal. A total of 38% of respondents disapprove of at least one market. Respondents who distrust markets generally are not more disapproving of kidney markets; however we find GSK2879552 inhibitor significant correlations between kidney market disapproval and attitudes reflecting disapproval toward certain transactions-including both other body markets and market encroachment into traditionally nonmarket exchanges, such as food preparation.”
“The structural characteristics of ZnO nanocrystals epitaxially grown

on p-type (0001) 4H-SiC substrates were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanocrystallites were grown by atmospheric-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The ZnO nanocrystals were formed at terraces introduced by vicinal 4H-SiC substrates toward the [11 (2) over bar0] direction. They had the shape of hexagonal nanopillars, with their edges parallel to the < 11 (2) over bar0 > directions and a top c-plane facet, reflecting the crystal symmetry of ZnO. The free surface between the hexagonal nanopillars was covered by a very thin and highly defected epitaxial ZnO film, which strongly suggests the Stranski-Krastanov mode of growth. The ZnO/SiC interface was systematically studied by plane view TEM and cross sectional high resolution TEM. The residual strain in the thin continuous film as well as in the nanopillars was estimated from Moire patterns and by geometrical phase analysis.

Conclusion: This

study has demonstrated that the presence and abundance An. farauti larvae are influenced by environmental factors within the large streams. Understanding these parameters will allow for targeted cost effective implementation of source reduction and larviciding to support the frontline malaria control measures i.e. indoor residual spraying (IRS) and distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs).”
“A 55-year-old man underwent catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) after anterior myocardial infarction. Although electrophysiological study suggested that the VT originated from the septum, biventricular endocardial irrigated radiofrequency ablation failed to interrupt the VT. Epicardial ablation at the site located halfway between the lesions in the right and left ventricles via a pericardial approach eliminated the SB273005 ic50 find more VT, suggesting that the VT likely originated from the top of the septum. When VTs originating from the upper septum are refractory

to endocardial ablation, epicardial mapping and ablation may be considered because only that site may be accessible with an epicardial approach. (PACE 2012; 35:e116e119)”
“The aim of this study was to isolate enterococci and Escherichia coli from faeces collected from commercial and communal pigs, and to characterise these isolates using antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Enterococcus selective agar and eosin methylene blue SN-38 mouse lactose agar were used for enterococci and E. coli isolation, respectively.

Gram staining, API 20 Strep and API 20E were used for identification of enterococci and E. coli, respectively. Three-hundred-and-four enterococci and 208 E. coli were identified. The most prevalent enterococci species were Enterococcus faecium (58%) and Enterococcus gallinarum (23%). A large proportion of enterococci (62.5% to 100%) and E. coli (88.5 to 100%) were resistant to erythromycin, oxytetracycline and sulphamethoxazole. No vancomycin-resistant enterococci were found and PCR analysis for vanA, vanB and vanC-1 were all negative. Less than 7% of enterococci were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin, whereas 45% of E. coli isolates were resistant to the same antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and clustering patterns showed some similarities among these isolates. From the results, a common origin of the isolates or histories of antibiotic use among these farms was proposed. It could also be concluded that vancomycin-resistant enterococci were not present in pigs on these two farms.”
“Donation after cardiac death (DCD) offers an alternative pathway to donation for some donors. Successful recovery of organs for transplantation following DCD requires that organ recovery surgery commence as soon as possible after death has occurred. This limits the amount of time that family and friends can spend with the donor prior to surgery. The aim of this study was to identify community views about the timing of organ recovery in DCD.

Their structures Nocodazole in vivo were characterized by FTIR spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that Complex 1 (double metal cyanide complex with K3Fe(CN)(6) and ZnCl2) and Complex 2 (double metal cyanide complex with K3Fe(CN)(6) and Zn(CH3COO)(2)) had the same structures, crystal forms, and lower crystallinity as both of them synthesized

by conventional solvent-based methods, respectively. Investigations on grinding conditions indicated that Complex 1 ground 14 min at a high grinding strength could achieve low crystallinity and showed substantially amorphous structures. Two speculated structures of DMC were given. The alternating copolymerization of CO2 and propylene oxide with Complex 1 as catalyst obtained VX-661 anticipated poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with very high catalytic activity. The PPC produced by optimized Complex 1 has molecular weight (M-n) up to 98,000 and narrow polydispersity of 1.93 with more than 90% carbonate linkages. Compared with Complex 1, Complex 2 displayed low catalytic activity but high selectivity mainly due to the electron atmosphere and strong steric hindrance. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl

Polym Sci 123: 977-985, 2012″
“The nanomechanical response for a nanobeam under thermal effects is investigated by using the nonlocal elasticity field theory, which was first proposed by Eringen in the early 1970s. The nonlocal constitutive relation is adopted to determine the strain energy density which considers the history

of nonlinear straining with respect to an unstrained state. Based on the variational principle and integrating the straining energy density over the entire domain of interest influenced by a temperature field, a new higher-order differential equation and the corresponding higher-order boundary conditions are derived. The thermal-elastic effects of typical nanobeams are presented where Rabusertib new exact analytical solutions with physical boundary conditions are derived. Subsequently, the effects of the nonlocal nanoscale and temperature on the nanobeam transverse deflection are analyzed and discussed. It is observed that these factors have a significant influence on the transverse deflection. In particular, the nanobeam stiffness is greatly enhanced, or the transverse deflection is significantly reduced, with an increasing nonlocal stress effect. A conclusion is drawn that at low and room temperature the nanobeam transverse deflection decreases with an increasing temperature difference, while at high temperature the transverse deflection increases as the temperature difference increases. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.

At week 5, doses were doubled, except SIM 40 mg (unchanged) and ERN/LRPT 1 g/20 mg + SIM 40 mg (switched to ERN/LRPT 2g/40 mg + SIM 40 mg). Cholesterol associated with lipoprotein subclasses was quantified by vertical auto profile II (VAP II).

RESULTS: ERN/LRPT + SIM and SIM alone lowered LDL-C 1 and 3, whereas

the effects were variable for ERN/LRPT; all three treatments increased LDL-C 4. ERN/LRPT + SIM and ERN/LRPT raised HDL-C 2 and 3, with greater relative percent changes in HDL 2 than HDL 3. ERN/LRPT + SIM for 12 weeks produced selleck products substantial reductions in IDL-C, which was additive compared with each monotherapy.

CONCLUSION: Coadministered ERN/LRPT + SIM produced marked reductions in atherogenic lipoproteins, with the greatest effect on IDL-C, and increases in protective HDL subclasses. (C) 2012 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved.”
“Bariatric surgery has been proposed as the most effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI) above 35 kg/m(2). The purpose of our study was to access remission rate and improvement of metabolic control of T2DM after gastric bypass.

A prospective study was carried out on 94 diabetic patients, who underwent gastric bypass with a 200-cm biliopancreatic limb. Characteristics evaluated included weight, BMI, percentage of excess BMI lost (%

EBMIL), fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile up to 36 months after surgery, as well as anti-diabetic treatment before and after

surgery.

At the time of surgery, patients had a mean BMI of 44.3 AZD0530 supplier +/- 0.65 kg/m(2) and length of T2DM diagnosis of 6.2 +/- 0.98 years and HbA1c of 6.6 +/- 0.21%. After a mean time of follow-up of 2.6 +/- 0.13 years, the weight Stattic concentration loss was significant from 3 months onwards after surgery, reaching its peak at 24 months with a BMI of 32.1 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2) and corresponding % EBMIL of 69.0 +/- 2.84%. Remission rates of diabetes were 87.91% at 6 months, 92.68% at 12 months, 92.85% at 24 months, and 100% at 36 months of follow-up.

Gastric bypass in obese patients is associated with a high remission rate of diabetes and improvement of the metabolic control. Although confirmation with randomized controlled studies is needed, these results suggest that this type of surgery might be particularly indicated for obese diabetic patients with good pancreatic reserve.”
“The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Cedrus deodara root oil. on the histopathology of different gastrointestinal organs of Wistar rats. This oil was used traditionally as an anti-ulcer agent in the Indus Unic System and extracted from the plant root by destructive distillation method. A total of 90 rats were taken and divided into groups A, B and C, each comprising of 30 animals. The animals of group B and C were given 0.5 ml/kg and 2.5 ml/kg of C. deodara oil respectively while group A served as control and administered vehicle only.

Twenty-one consecutive patients including those with hematological malignancies (n

= 11), solid tumors (n = 7), and non-malignancies (n = 3) were analyzed. Myeloablative and reduced intensity conditionings were carried out in 5 and 16 patients, respectively, and both of the regimens contained anti-human T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin. Twenty (95%) of the 21 patients achieved primary engraftment. Acute GVHD of grades II-IV and III-IV were observed in nine (47%) and one (5%) patient, respectively, S3I-201 all of which were controllable by steroids. Chronic GVHD was observed in eight (51%) of the 17 evaluable patients, and one of them developed steroid refractory chronic GVHD. Treatmentrelated mortality occurred in three patients (15%), as a result of acute pancreatitis, chronic GVHD, and EB virus associated lymphoproliferative disease. The buy Nutlin-3 median follow-up of the 13 survivors

was 24 months, and the two-yr probability of overall survival was 68%. The Karnofsky performance scale score of the 13 survivors was 100%. These results indicated the feasibility of our GVHD prophylaxis in non-T-cell-depleted haploidentical HSCT for children.”
“PURPOSE: To compare a transconjunctival single-plane sclerocorneal incision with 2 tiny conjunctival cuts at both ends and a clear corneal incision (CCI) in cataract surgery

SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, lbaraki, Japan

METHODS: Patients having routine

cataract surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups based on incision type; that is, transconjunctival single-plane sclerocorneal or CCI. The incidence of intraoperative ballooning Emricasan of the conjunctiva (chemosis) and the percentage of eyes that required stromal hydration to securely close the wound in each group were recorded and compared

RESULTS: Each group comprised 61 eyes (61 patients) No eye in the transconjunctival sclerocorneal group and 6 eyes (9.8%) in the CCI group developed intraoperative conjunctival chemosis (P = .027, Fisher exact probability test). Corneal stromal hydration was required in 2 eyes (3.3%) and 15 eyes (24.6%), respectively (P = 001).

CONCLUSION: The transconjunctival single-plane sclerocorneal incision was effective and combined the merits of CCI incisions and sclerocorneal incisions.

Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

J Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36.1503-1507 (C) 2010 ASCRS and ESCRS”
“Characteristics of the internal structure of the laser supported detonation (LSD) waves, such as the electron density n(e) and the electron temperature T(e) profiles behind the shock wave were measured using a two-wavelength Mach-Zehnder interferometer along with emission spectroscopy.