This study was supported by the Key Project of Chinese National Programs (2008ZX10003-010), National Natural Science Foundation of China 30670108 and J0730860, RFDP20060246037, and the Intramural Research Program of
the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, USA. C.W. and J.F. contributed equally to this work. “
“Immunoassay designs rely on the great specificity of antibodies and a suitable marker that facilitates generation of a quantitative signal. Currently, selleckchem there is no reliable method for measuring the titers of an anti-idiotypic antibody. Our initial attempt to measure titers of mouse anti-idiotypic antibody after idiotypic vaccination with HM-1 killer toxin neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb-KT) failed.
Because the injected antigen, nmAb-KT, is a mouse IgG, using a commercial antibody to measure the antibody titer always gave a false positive signal against control mouse serum antibody in parallel with the antigen-treated immunized serum antibodies. To get a reliable and clearly differentiable signal by ELISA, idiotypic antigen was labeled with HRP and HRP-conjugated-nmAb-KT used to measure the antibody titers in the antigen-treated mice. Compared with control mice, signals were found in high anti-nmAb-KT IgG responses in test mice; however, PF 2341066 untreated control mice had a significant amount of purified non-specific IgG. This method is amenable to long read lengths and will likely enable anti-idiotypic antibody titer measurement in a more specific and cost effective way without requiring commercial antibody. “
“This study aimed to comprehensively describe inflammatory responses to trivalent influenza virus vaccine (TIV) among pregnant women and determine whether responses differ compared to non-pregnancy. Twenty-eight pregnant and 28 non-pregnant women were vaccinated. Serum cytokines were measured at baseline, and 1, 2, and 3 days post-vaccination. Anti-influenza antibody titers were measured at baseline and 1 month post-vaccination.
Overall, following vaccination, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α Isoconazole and interleukin(IL)-6 increased significantly, peaking at 1 day post-vaccination (P’s < 0.001). Pregnant versus non-pregnant women showed no differences in IL-6, TNF-α, or IL-1β responses. Pregnant women showed no change in IL-8 and increases in migration inhibitory factor (MIF), while non-pregnant showed decreases in both. Pregnancy did not significantly alter antibody responses. Inflammatory responses to TIV are mild, transient, and generally similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Given the variability evidenced, vaccination may provide a useful model for studying individual differences in inflammatory response propensity. "
“One morning last December on my way to work, something strange happened.