The features of the dynamic layer are one of major indicators of this supply. Identifying the thickness and offshore range of the dynamic/active layer also plays an important role in the optimization of solutions for laying cables and pipelines at the sea-land interface. These objects should be dug into the nearshore sea bed

sufficiently deep to resist long-term hydrodynamic (wave-current) forcing. In order to carry out a proper design process, one ought to know not only the erosive or accumulative tendencies in long-term coastal evolution but also the parameters of the nearshore layer of sandy sediments, which are the most vulnerable to scouring by nearbed wave- induced LGK-974 ic50 oscillatory flows and wave-driven steady currents. The importance of the above issue, together with the availability of new measuring instruments, has become an inspiration and encouragement

to Vincristine carry out new fundamental studies on the characteristics of the dynamic layer and to determine their links to background morphodynamic processes taking place in the conditions of the dissipative, multi-bar, sandy southern Baltic shore (at the IBW PAN Coastal Research Station, Lubiatowo). Some archival data have been used as supporting research material. The field surveys of the dynamic layer were conducted in the southern Baltic coastal zone with the use of the StrataBox (SyQwest Inc. USA). Additional measurements for testing the equipment and improving the interpretation buy Y-27632 of the recorded signals were carried out in the Vistula Lagoon. As mentioned above, the notion of a dynamic layer exists in a number of disciplines, e.g. in coastal engineering, oceanography and geology. According to coastal engineers (see Mielczarski 2006), the dynamic layer in a non-tidal

sea is defined as a layer of nearshore sediments spreading seawards to the depth where the sea bottom is affected by extreme waves and currents. For geologists (see Subotowicz 1996), the dynamic layer is a ‘temporary layer, predominantly sandy, deposited on older formations as a result of the action of waves and currents’. In both of the above definitions, the driving forces of sea bed dynamics (waves and currents) play an important role. The influence of these hydrodynamic factors, through the mechanism of bed shear stresses, set the grains of seabed sediments in motion, thereby displacing them, resulting in the evolution of the seabed and the sea shore. Two questions arise: 1) To what extent and at what spatio-temporal scales are the dynamic layer parameters formed by coastal hydrodynamic and lithodynamic processes? 2) How do the sandy sediment resources accumulated in the dynamic layer (and the distribution of the sediment volumes on the cross-shore profile) influence actual sediment transport rates, the local sediment budget and sea bed changes? Part of the answer to the first question can be found in the numerous results of experimental and theoretical investigations of coastal evolution, see e.g.