Data entry in Microsoft Excel 2007 was performed, and the results were subsequently analyzed in terms of percentages. Following a national lockdown lasting a month, nearly 50% of the 77 (405%) respondents recommenced clinical duties, substantially increasing daily consultations by 649% and predominantly in hospital settings (818%), contingent upon screening patients at a fever clinic (87%). Clinical examination modifications predominantly impacted the neck (857%), oral cavity (442%), and nose (298%). Conversely, adjustments to ear examinations were minimal, amounting to just 39%. Endoscopic evaluation avoidance reached a considerable 194%. Just 57% of participants opted for proper personal protective equipment. There was a drastic 935% decrease in the performance of elective operative procedures. In preparation for the semi-urgent case, 896 individuals underwent a mandatory COVID-19 test, utilizing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (95.9%) in the majority of instances. Clinical practice modifications were implemented to reduce viral spread. The modifications made to clinical examinations in the outpatient department were evident, affecting most patients who underwent fever screenings. Personal protective equipment was utilized when its availability allowed. Operative lists, confined to semi-urgent and urgent cases, customarily included COVID testing for semi-urgent procedures.

Varicose veins are a significant source of concern for patients attending vascular outpatient services. This phenomenon results in a substantial amount of illness across today's demographic. The goal of this study is to determine if a correlation exists between the size of the great saphenous vein and the incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction. In January 2019 through January 2020, a study involving 396 patients with varicose veins, showing either symptomatic or clinical presentation, was performed to detect Saphenofemoral junction reflux. To determine the diameter of the saphenous vein, B-mode imaging was utilized, and Doppler spectral measurements assessed reflux, employing valve closure time as a measurement. The best diameter cutoff for the saphenous vein, as predicted by reflux, was ascertained through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Among 792 limbs, 452 showed involvement by the Great Saphenous Venous System, 151 limbs showed involvement by the Short Saphenous Venous System, and 240 limbs revealed the presence of significant perforators. Within the diseased limb exhibiting positive reflux, the average great saphenous vein diameter was 56.8 millimeters, far exceeding the 40 millimeters observed in the control group exhibiting negative reflux. The saphenofemoral junction, on average, measured 823 mm in diameter in diseased limbs, a significant difference from the 616 mm mean diameter in control limbs. read more Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, a saphenous vein diameter of 45 mm at the femoral condyle emerged as the best diagnostic threshold for detecting saphenofemoral junction reflux. For the most accurate diagnosis of saphenofemoral junction reflux, a great saphenous vein diameter of 45mm at the femoral condyle serves as the gold standard. This cut-off value's sensitivity and specificity are 818% and 71%, respectively.

The rising challenge of hypertension is fueled by the substantial number of people living with the condition who are unaware of it, and the failure to adequately control blood pressure in those who have been diagnosed. Assessing the prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension, coupled with related socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors, and healthcare access among residents of the Itahari sub-metropolitan city in eastern Nepal is the objective of this research. A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken in five wards of Itahari, using a sampling strategy proportionate to population size, including 1161 participants. Participants underwent face-to-face interviews, utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire and physical measurements (blood pressure, weight, and height) for data collection purposes. Hypertension prevalence stood at 265%, subdivided into undiagnosed cases at 110% and previously documented cases at 155%. Uncontrolled blood pressure was observed in 766% of the diagnosed cases; 5670% were medicated with anti-hypertensive drugs, and 78% were under the care of Ayurvedic medicine practitioners. More than three-quarters of the participants preferred private healthcare facilities for their treatment, and a notable 227% encountered financial hurdles when seeking healthcare services. Within the previous six months, 64% of the participants either did not utilize health services at all or made only one visit. A discernible connection was observed between hypertension and increasing age, BMI, smoking history, and a positive family history, reaching statistical significance at a level less than 0.005. Participants demonstrated a high rate of hypertension, along with a notable absence of awareness and utilization of healthcare services at the local primary health center. The public should be regularly screened for hypertension and educated on primary healthcare facilities using targeted awareness campaigns.

Hirsutism, the presence of excessive terminal hair growth in women at androgen-dependent body sites, profoundly affects both psychological and social aspects of their lives, diminishing their quality of life. Worldwide research concerning the quality of life among hirsute women is plentiful, yet no equivalent Nepalese studies are apparent in the published literature. A study exploring the correlation between hirsutism and quality of life among Nepalese women was undertaken. Assessing the influence of hirsutism on the well-being of women within a tertiary medical institution in Eastern Nepal, and exploring its connection with associated socioeconomic and clinical factors is the objective of this investigation. At the Department of Dermatology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, Method A, was carried out on 49 individuals, aged 10 to 49 years. Enrolled in this study were clinically diagnosed hirsute females, whose modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score surpassed 8, and they completed the Nepalese version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. In the study cohort, over 572% of the participants had ages between 20 and 29 years, with a mean age of 2,776,808 years. A significant Dermatology Life Quality Index mean score was observed, equaling 778495. A moderate impact was evident in a large proportion of the participants (367%), prominently affecting daily activities, symptoms, and emotional states. Participants boasting higher mF-G scores (2215382) manifested a considerable improvement in their quality of living. Longer periods of hirsutism, combined with a school education and unmarried status, were associated with a more significant impact on the quality of life for women. Nevertheless, no statistically reliable link was established between the factors. Hirsutism's presence moderately impaired quality of life, particularly through its influence on daily routines, symptom presentation, and emotional experience. Our study did not identify a substantial relationship between the degree of hirsutism and its consequences for quality of life.

Frequently, Nepalese individuals with dental caries require endodontic therapy, particularly root canal treatment (RCT). One of the most prevalent sequelae of dental caries is pulp infection, which, if left unaddressed, can progress to pulpal necrosis and peri-radicular diseases. Following the onset of tooth pain, sensitivity, swelling, or fracture, patients commonly present themselves at the dental hospital, thus impacting their usual daily activities. RCT treatment is considered among the most effective therapeutic procedures for preserving the aesthetic and functional state of the teeth. The objective of this research is to evaluate the demand for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital. From April 2019 to April 2020, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. The Institutional Review Committee at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences provided ethical clearance. A total of 7566 patient records, encompassing those needing endodontic therapy and other treatments, were compiled, and the relative frequencies of each treatment type were evaluated. read more The process of analyzing the collected data involved the use of SPSS version 20. read more To assess the relationship between different patient-related factors, chi-square tests were applied. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, were then used to analyze the results. A p-value less than 0.05 served as the criterion for statistical significance. The study population of 7566 individuals showed an average age of 34.971434 years, with 4387 (58%) being female and 3179 (42%) male. Age and sex were significantly linked to the treatment type required by the study participants, with p-values both below 0.0001. A comparative analysis of patient treatments revealed a noticeable increase in the need for endodontic interventions within the department, as established by this study. Age and gender displayed a notable association, leading to a greater requirement for endodontic treatment among female and older patients.

Intrauterine fetal death, or IUFD, is the demise of a fetus that occurs at a gestational age of 20 weeks or more, weighing 500 grams or more. The loss of a fetus during gestation, regardless of the point in pregnancy, is a devastating experience for both the patient and the attending healthcare provider. This study is designed to ascertain the variables which elevate the probability of fetal demise inside the uterus. Identifying the factors connected to the occurrence of intrauterine fetal death is the central objective of this study. An observational study, prospective in nature, was undertaken at Paropkar Maternity Women's Hospital, located in Thapathali, Kathmandu. Hospital admissions and deliveries for all cases of intrauterine fetal demise occurred between 20 weeks' gestation and term.