The methyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay, Hoechst33342 staining and DNA ladder method were performed to determine the growth inhibition and apoptosis of the cells. The results showed that GFP expression
was detected as early as 24 h after transfection. The Fas fusion gene was successfully expressed in granulosa cells as evidenced by the detection of a 994-bp fragment corresponding to the Fas GDC-0973 chemical structure mRNA by RT-PCR and a 64.5-kD band corresponding to the Fas fusion protein by western blot. Granulosa cell viability decreased significantly at 72 h after transfection, and the apoptosis rate of the cells transfected with pAcGFP-Fas was significantly higher than that of the control group. Cells in the Fas transfection group showed ladder patterns characteristic of apoptosis, and the nuclei were shrunken and densely hyperchromatic or fragmented, suggesting that Fas is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of bovine follicular granulosa cells and inducing cell
apoptosis when over-expressed. This study will aid in further understanding the mechanism of regulation of Fas on bovine oocyte formation and development.”
“The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) promotes the plant growth and can alter the production of primary and secondary metabolites. Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engler Fr. Allemao) is an important native species that belongs to Caatinga biome, widely used in folk medicine in Northeast of Brazil. This species has some biological activities related to the presence of secondary metabolites, especially phenols. The aim of this work was to determine the effects CUDC-907 Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor HMPL-504 of AMF on the content and concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, soluble carbohydrate and proteins in M. urundeuva seedlings. Seedlings inoculated with Acaulospora longula (Spain & Shenck) had a higher content of soluble carbohydrate (112.7%), protein (32.87%), total phenols (81.03%) and flavonoids (57.5%) over uninoculated control. The M. urundeuva and A. longula symbiotic association promotes changes in the primary and secondary metabolism, resulting in herbage with better quality.
(C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.”
“During April 2009, a novel H1N1 influenza A virus strain was identified in Mexico and the USA. Within weeks the virus had spread globally and the first pandemic of the 21st Century had been declared. It is unlikely to be the last and it is crucial that real lessons are learned from the experience. Asia is considered a hot spot for the emergence of new pathogens including past influenza pandemics. On this occasion while preparing for an avian, highly virulent influenza virus (H5N1 like) originating in Asia in fact the pandemic originated from swine, and was less virulent. This discrepancy between what was planned for and what emerged created its own challenges. The H1N1 pandemic has tested national health-care infrastructures and exposed shortcomings in our preparedness as a region.