Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein, DLX5, osteocalcin, and collagen type I, was performed.
Results. Cells from the AF responded AP24534 to BMP-2 with mitogenesis. There was no significant increase in DNA synthesis in cultures from the
NP and TZ treated with BMP-2. Only cells from the NP showed a significant increase in newly synthesized proteoglycan in response to BMP-2. IVD cells from all zones demonstrated no significant expression of bone sialoprotein, DLX5, osteocalcin mRNA after treatment with BMP-2.
Conclusion. BMP-2 clearly exerted a mitogenic effect on AF cells, and stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in NP cells. However, BMP-2 did not have an osteogenic effect in any IVD region. Taken together, these results confirm that BMP-2 can be used as an anabolic agent for mitogenesis in AF cells and NP cell matrix regeneration without the possibility of osteogenesis.”
“The kynurenine pathway has been implicated as a major component of the neuroinflammatory response to brain injury and neurodegeneration. We found that the neurotoxic kynurenine pathway intermediate
quinolinic acid (QUIN) is rapidly expressed, within 24 h, by reactive microglia following traumatic injury to the rodent neocortex. Furthermore, administration of the astrocytic protein selleck chemicals llc metallothionein attenuated this neuroinflammatory response by reducing microglial activation (by approximately 30%) and QUIN expression. The suppressive effect of MT was 4EGI-1 confirmed upon cultured cortical microglia, with 1 mu g/ml MT almost completely blocking interferon-gamma induced activation of microglia and QUIN expression. These results demonstrate the neuroimmunomodulatory properties of MT, which may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.”
“Study Design. Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Objective. To evaluate the effects of active rehabilitation for adults after first-time lumbar disc surgery.
Summary of Background Data. Several rehabilitation programs are available for individuals after lumbar disc surgery, however, little is known about the efficacy of these treatments.
Methods. Search strategies were performed
on CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 2) and MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO up to May 2007. All randomized controlled trials without language limitations were included. Pairs of review authors independently assessed studies for eligibility and risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed with clinically homogeneous studies. The GRADE approach was used to determine the quality of evidence.
Results. Fourteen studies were included, 7 of which had a low risk of bias. Most programs were only assessed in 1 study. Statistical pooling was only completed for 3 comparisons in which exercises started 4 to 6 weeks post-surgery: exercise programs versus no treatment, high versus low intensity exercise programs, and supervised versus home exercises.