PubMed 32. Merchant AT, Anand SS, Kelemen LE, Vuksan V, Jacobs R, Davis B, Teo K, Yusuf S: Carbohydrate find more intake and HDL in a multiethnic population. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 85:225–230.PubMed 33. Gupta AK, Ross EA, Myers JN, Kashyap ML: Increased reverse cholesterol transport in athletes. Metabolism 1993, 42:684–690.PubMedCrossRef 34. Frey I, Baumstark MW, Berg A, Keul J: Influence of acute maximal exercise on lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in healthy adults of differing aerobic performance. Eur J Appl
Physiol 1991, 62:31–35.CrossRef 35. Brites F, Verona J, Geitere CD, Fruchart J-C, Castro G, Wikinski R: Enhanced cholesterol efflux promotion in well-trained soccer players. Metabolism 2004, 53:1262–1267.PubMedCrossRef 36. Williams PT, Albers JJ, Krauss RM, Wood PDS: Associations of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass concentrations with exercise, weight loss, and plasma lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in men. Atherosclerosis 1990, 82:53–58.PubMedCrossRef 37. Spodaryk K: Haematological and iron-related parameters of male endurance and Compound C chemical structure strength trained athletes. Eur
J Appl Physiol 1993, 67:66–70.CrossRef 38. Haymes EM, Lamanca JJ: Iron loss in runners during exercise. Implications selleck chemicals and recommendations. Sports Med 1989, 7:277–285.PubMedCrossRef 39. Robinson Y, Cristancho E, Böning D: Intravascular hemolysis and mean red blood cell age in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006, 38:480–483.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions HI was the primary author of the manuscript. KI, YY, and KK designed the study and contributed to the interpretation. RO, KM, KO, and NM assessed dietary intake of the subjects and contributed to the data analysis and interpretation. AN contributed Montelukast Sodium to the interpretation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Optimal nutrition is not only required for normal physiological functioning, but the nutritional status of an endurance athlete can negatively or positively impact their sporting performance [1]. Nutritional requirements of endurance athletes include higher
energy needs to fuel exercise and replace glycogen stores and increased protein intake to support muscle protein turnover. During endurance exercise major disturbances to cellular homeostasis, substrate stores and utilization occur in the muscle [2]. Recovery from endurance training sessions is fundamental, as the muscle damage caused during exercise partly due to muscle contraction and hormonal changes that result in the breakdown of muscle protein, continues once exercise is ceased [3]. This damage can impair subsequent muscle function, delivery of nutrients, glycogen resynthesis rates and impair protein synthesis pathways [3]. Repeated bouts of endurance exercise result in structural, metabolic and physiological adaptations that enable improved performance [4].