Divergences during those steps were solved by consensus between both reviewers. Of 400 abstracts captured in our primary search strategy on the ASIA Standards, 16 full articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An additional 40 references were obtained from two
prior systematic reviews on ASIA Standards. While 45 of 56 of the studies on ASIA Standards provided level 4 evidence, there were 11 level 2b evidence studies. Convergent construct validity (n = 34), reliability (n = 12), and responsiveness (n = 10) were the most commonly studied psychometric properties of the ASIA Standards, but two prior studies examined their content validity. Of the 267 abstracts yielded in our primary search on pain assessment, 24 articles with level 4 evidence fulfilled the inclusion SB203580 solubility dmso and exclusion criteria. There was no study that examined pain assessment in the acute care setting. While 18 of 24 articles studied an instrument for assessment of pain intensity, the remaining six studies were focused on classifications of pain in
the SCI population. In conclusion, the ASIA Standards represent an appropriate instrument to categorize and evaluate spinal cord injured adults over time with respect to their motor and sensory function. Nevertheless, further investigation of the psychometric properties of the ASIA Standards is recommended due to a lack of studies focused on some key elements of responsiveness, including minimal clinically find more important difference.
The visual analog scale (VAS) is the most commonly studied instrument of assessment of pain intensity in the SCI population. However, further investigation is required with regard to its reliability and responsiveness in the SCI population. Our results also suggest that there is no instrument with appropriate psychometric properties for this particular population.”
“Background CD133 has been suggested to be a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in various types of cancers. The present study assessed the relationship between CD133 expression and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. In addition, the prognostic value of CD133 for gastric cancer was evaluated. Methods In total, 100 advanced gastric cancer patients who received curative gastrectomy Selleckchem Rabusertib and adjuvant chemotherapy were included. CD133 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and clinicopathological results, including survival, were analyzed. Results CD133 was expressed in 23% of advanced gastric cancer patients (23/100). CD133 expression was significantly associated with serosal exposure (P?=?0.036), venous invasion (P?=?0.047), well and moderate differentiation (P?=?0.002), and intestinal-type Lauren classification (P?=?0.001). CD133-positive patients had a significantly worse 5-year disease-free (28.1% vs. 65.8%, P?=?0.002) and overall (47.5% vs. 74.0%, P?=?0.037) survival rate than those who were CD133-negative.