ATP synthase expression is localized exclusively in the mitochondria where it generates most cellular ATP. However, ATP synthase components have recently been identified as cell-surface receptors for apparently unrelated ligands in the course of studies carried out on angiogenesis [24–26], lipoprotein metabolism [27], innate

immunity [28–32], etc. by immunofluorescence, biochemistry, and proteomics analyses. Its molecular mechanism, function, and significance have not been clarified well. Dr. Jian Ni’s group prepared specific monoclonal antibody against the α-subunit of ATP synthase, named as HAI-178 antibody, and provided this to my group. Our primary studies showed that IDO inhibitor the α-subunit of ATP synthase

also exhibited over-expression in gastric cancer cells and clinical gastric cancer tissues, with no or very low expression in normal gastric mucous tissues. Especially as one kind of self antibody which existed in human sera from patients with gastric cancer, this should be a potential biomarker with diagnosis value. In our previous work, we prepared fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) composed of silicon-wrapped magnetic nanoparticles and CdTe quantum dots and used FMNPs-labeled MSC cells to realize the targeted imaging and hyperthermia therapy of in vivo gastric cancer [33]. We also confirmed that the prepared fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles show good biocompatibility [34]. In the present study, we fully used the advantages of FMNPs and potential gastric cancer biomarker click here α-subunit of ATP synthase, prepared HAI-178 monoclonal antibody-conjugated

FMNPs, and investigated the feasibility of prepared nanoprobes to target in vitro and in vivo gastric cancer cells. Our results show that as-prepared nanoprobes can be used for in vivo dual-model imaging and therapy of in vivo cancer, and have great potential in applications such as dual-model imaging and simultaneous therapy of early gastric cancer also in the near future. Methods All animal 4EGI-1 clinical trial experiments (no. SYXK2007-0025) were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Expression of α-subunit of ATP synthase in gastric cancer tissues HAI-178 monoclonal antibody was presented as a gift by Dr. Jian Ni. HAI-178 monoclonal antibody was used as first antibody to stain 172 specimens of gastric cancer and control gastric mucous tissues with immunohistochemistry method [35], which were collected from Xi’an Central Hospital, Xianya Hospital, Changzheng Hospital, and the First People’s Hospital in Shanghai, and identified by pathological examination. Preparation and Surface functionalization of FMNPs FMNPs were prepared according to our previous report [36–38]. Before coupling the FMNPs with the HAI-178 antibody, we first functionalized the surface functional group of FMNPs as carboxyl group.