\n\nMethods: Digital images of 204 patients were analyzed using Photoshop CS3 Extended software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, California). The left eye was superimposed over the right eye using layers in the software program, and the lower eyelid margin and axis were outlined to obtain a diagram with the superimposed

outlines of both eyes. Several measurements (ie, lateral canthal height, lower eyelid margin length selleck kinase inhibitor and axis angle, and lower palpebral fissure surface area) were obtained for each patient. Differences between the right and left eyelids were recorded, and these data were compared between patients.\n\nResults: Of the 204 patients studied, 184 (90.2%) had some degree of asymmetry. Most (118; 64.13%) presented with the right lower eyelid at a more inferior position than the left (R-), while 66 (35.87%) presented with the right lower eyelid at a higher position than the left (R+), a difference that was highly significant (P < .001).\n\nConclusions: This software is a powerful and precise tool to evaluate and measure eyelid asymmetries. The use of this method showed a large degree of eyelid asymmetry preoperatively (more than 90%), which proves

the importance of detecting and adequately analyzing this condition prior to surgery. The authors’ simple method may be an important adjunct to obtaining optimal results in patients who seek eyelid surgery.”
“Objective To develop an in-utero PP2 cell line stent placement training model.\n\nMethods The in-utero stent task trainer was constructed using a formalin-preserved gravid pig uterus. Altering the size of the uterine segment, changing the fluid level in the uterus and addition of a large Ziploc freezer bag variably filled with differing amounts of ultrasound gel can vary the procedural skill required.\n\nResults Thoracoamniotic and PD-1/PD-L1 assay vesicoamniotic shunts can be

simulated using this life-like model. The cost of eight to 10 learning stations is approximately US $60. Fetal position, maternal size and amniotic fluid status can be altered rapidly to increase the complexity of the procedure.\n\nConclusions This low-cost and realistic task trainer can provide the opportunity to practice in-utero shunt procedures in a non-clinical environment. This model should enhance learning and reinforce acquired skills. Copyright (C) 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“MHC class II molecules influence antigen-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte responses primed by immunization and infection. CD4(+) T cell responses are important for controlling infection by many bacterial pathogens including Anaplasma marginale and are observed in cattle immunized with the protective A. marginale outer membrane (OM) vaccine. Immunogenic proteins that comprise the protective OM vaccine include type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins VirB9-1, VirB9-2 and VirB10, candidates for inclusion in a multiepitope vaccine.