The major population selleck structure observed was a strong disjunction between northern and southern populations (Phi(ST) = 0.47),

with the genetic breaks located at Cloudy/Clifford Bay and Farewell Spit, at the northern tip of the South Island. This finding corresponds with a common phylogeographic barrier observed in a number of other marine invertebrates, highlighting its significance and ubiquity. Athird barrier to gene flow was identified between Spirits Bay and Ahipara, around the northern tip of the North Island. All three of these areas that exhibit significant population disjunctions have strong near-shore upwelling along with water current movement offshore, and these features are prevalent during

the time of year when S. pelliserpentis spawns. That these seasonal hydrographic patterns contribute to the population structuring of S. pelliserpentis is supported selleck chemical by comparison with other phylogeographic studies of marine invertebrates, where the strength of this barrier seems to correlate with spawning season. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 552-563.”
“With reference to the interesting review of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) after myocardial infarction by Dr RJ Myerburg, we would like to discuss some aspects of the article.”
“The main objective of this paper was to obtain the absorbed dose profiles for radionuclides of frequent or potential use in radiosynoviortheses. These profiles reveal the absorbed dose per activity of injected radionuclide (Gy/h*MBq) in the synovial membrane

and the articular cartilage. The researched radionuclides were P-32, Y-90, Re-188, Lu-177, Sm-153 and Er-169. The therapeutic range of each radionuclides in synovial tissue were also calculated. This range determines the synovial thickness that can be sufficiently irradiated and thus successfully treated. The S values for the synovial membrane and articular cartilage were calculated find more using as a model a cylinder with the source uniformly distributed in its volume. The synovial membrane was simulated varying the radius of the cylinder (from 0.5 cm to 9 cm) and its height (from 0.01 cm to 0.04 cm). The area in the base of the cylinder represents different sizes of the synovial surface (small, medium and large joints). The height of the cylinder represents different stages of the progression of the rheumatoid arthritis. The same model was used to simulate the articular cartilage but, the source was uniformly distributed into a cylindrical slab (0.01 cm height and I cm of radius. The results obtained allow the estimation of the dose that will be delivered to the synovial membrane and the articular cartilage for different joint sizes and different stages of progression of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (C) 2009 Elsevier Espana, S.L. and SEMN. All rights reserved.