“
“Macelignan is a bioactive compound isolated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) which has been traditionally used for the food and pharmaceutical purposes. In this study, the activities of macelignan against vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus were evaluated in vitro. Our results showed that the vegetative cells of B. cereus were significantly inhibited in growth by macelignan with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 mu g/mL. NCT-501 The vegetative cells of B. cereus were completely killed with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 mu g/mL of macelignan. Killing time of macelignan against vegetative cells of B. cereus was very fast; endpoint of macelignan

was reached after 4 hr of incubation at 4xMIC. Macelignan inactivated more than 3-log (99.9%) of spores/mL of B. cereus at the concentration of 100 mu g/mL.

Macelignan was found to be effective against vegetative cells and spores of B. cereus. These results Suggest that macelignan might be good to be developed as a food preservative.”
“Hedyotis diffusa Willd. and Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. are closely related species of Rubiaceae family and they can be easily confused. Although previous reports have been found in which ultraviolet spectrum, convolution spectrometry or X-ray diffraction are reported to be used for distinguishing check details between the two species, these methods require specialised equipment. Hence, this study aims to develop a simple chromatographic method for the purpose. Our results illustrate the use

of a thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) profile to differentiate between the two species, with a blue zone appearing at around an R-f of 0.36 in H. corymbosa but not in H. diffusa. The compound corresponding to this blue zone was later found to be hedyotiscone A. ABT-263 clinical trial LC-MS with multiple reaction monitoring was used as a tool to identify and quantify hedyotiscone A in the test samples. In conclusion, a quick and simple TLC assay was conducted to distinguish between the two species H. diffusa and H. corymbosa.”
“This study evaluated the effects of beta-irradiation on immunomodulating properties and structural changes of P-glucan. beta-Glucan solutions (10 mg/mL) were gamma-irradiated at 10, 30, and 50 kGy. Splenocyte proliferation and cytokine (interferon-gamma and interlukin-2) productions by gamma-irradiated beta-glucan were evaluated in in vivo and in vitro, and structural changes of beta-glucan were also determined after gamma-irradiation. gamma-Irradiation on beta-glucan at 50 kGy enhanced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine productions, (p<0.05) and cleft glycosidic bonds of beta-glucan resulting in lower the molecular weight. These results indicate that the use of gamma-irradiation on beta-glucan may be useful for improving its immunological activity by lowering the molecular weight of beta-glucan.