Nevertheless, no equivalent observation for the SNRI duloxetine has been made to date.

Method: Sixteen patients diagnosed with MDD and an actual major depressive episode according to DSM-IV criteria and 16 healthy controls entered a 6-week trial with duloxetine 60 mg/day. All subjects (n = 32) were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and were monitored for IL-6 levels both at baseline and at week 6. Blood samples ATM/ATR inhibitor drugs for IL-6 levels were evaluated by ELISA.

Results: After 6 weeks of treatment,

the mean total scores for HAM-D declined both in the depressed and control groups, while IL-6 modification showed an opposite trend both in depressed (12.38 +/- 19.80 to 19.73 +/- 18.94 pg/mL) and control subjects (12.25 +/- 21.12 to 17.63 +/- 20.44 pg/mL), as did YMRS (ns), Ferroptosis inhibitor although none of the

subjects switched to (hypo) mania. Of note, IL-6 levels increased significantly only in the responders subgroup (n = 9; P = 0.012).

Conclusion: The small sample size and weak design of this study limit the validity of our results, which should be regarded as preliminary only. Nonetheless, the trend of increasing IL-6 levels observed in responder patients treated with duloxetine should prompt further controlled, extended studies with larger samples, with the specific aim of better assessing a putative differential role of norepinephrinergic antidepressant stimulation of serotonergic reuptake inhibition in determining modifications

in IL-6 levels. Ideally, more accurate replication studies may contribute to further understanding of selleck chemical the complex interaction of mood, antidepressant response, and the immune system.”
“Background Recent studies have demonstrated that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease are associated with increased risk of graft loss and death in high-risk (donor CMV seropositive/recipient CMV seronegative) liver transplant recipients (LTR) despite effective antiviral chemoprophylaxis. Predictors of CMV infection and disease in this important population are incompletely defined. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 227 high-risk first LTR who received primary anti-CMV chemoprophylaxis during the first 100days after transplant was performed. A large number of patient, donor, operative, and post-transplant potential risk factors were collected. Associations of potential risk factors for CMV infection or disease that occurred during the first year after transplant were assessed using Cox regression models. After Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing, P-values 0.00125 (associations with CMV infection) and 0.00122 (associations with CMV disease) were considered as statistically significant.