2) 128 (1.8)  Immigrant during the study (%) 349 (5.1) 207 (2.9)

 Persons completed (%) 5,897 (86.5) 6,510 (89.7) Male sex (%) PLX 4720 46.4 47.4 Age at Campaign 1 Day 1      Mean (years) 24.1 23.4  Age group (%)   ≤6 months 2.1 1.5   >6 months to <5 years 14.9 14.2   5–9 years 15.8 16.6   10–14 years 15.5 15.3   ≥15 years 51.7 52.5 Ethnicity (%)  Mossi 90.6 95.7  Fulani 8.7 3.8  Bissa 0.01 0.03  Gourounsi 0.03 0.2  Other 0.7 0.3 The intervention and control arms were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics with the exception of ethnicity: 90.6% of the intervention arm was Mossi and 8.7% was Fulani, while the control was 95.7% Mossi and 3.8% Fulani. Outcomes in Microscopy-Confirmed Asymptomatic Carriers There was a significant difference in the change in Hb levels from Day 1 to Day 28 of Campaign 1 for all asymptomatic carriers aged >6 months (primary endpoint). The change in Hb level was +0.53 g/dl (from 11.81 to 12.33 g/dl) in the intervention arm vs. −0.21 g/dl (from 12.06 Roscovitine nmr to 11.86 g/dl) in the control arm (P < 0.001). Following this trend, significantly more asymptomatic carriers aged >6 months to <5 years raised their Hb level by ≥0.5, ≥1.0, ≥1.5, and ≥2.0 g/dl from Day 1 to Day 28 (Campaign 1) in the intervention arm than in the control arm (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Proportion of

all asymptomatic carriers aged >6 months to <5 years with an increase in hemoglobin (Hb) level from Day

1 to Day 28 of Campaign 1. ACs asymptomatic carriers Larger increases in Hb were seen in the intervention arm relative to the control arm in subjects with medium and high baseline parasite densities as compared with those with low densities (Fig. 3). Fig. 3 Proportion of all asymptomatic carriers aged >6 months to <5 years with an increase in hemoglobin (Hb) level from Day 1 to Day 28 of Campaign 1, stratified by baseline parasite density. ACs asymptomatic carriers. *Low <1,000/μl, Medium (Med) 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1,000–4,999/μl, High ≥5,000/μl A more substantial improvement in the proportion of asymptomatic carriers aged >6 months to <5 years with anemia (mild, moderate or severe) was seen in the intervention arm than in the control arm over the first 28 days (Day 1 to Day 28 of Campaign 1). The proportion of asymptomatic carriers with anemia in the intervention arm decreased by 31.1% (from 75.7% to 44.6%), compared with a decrease of 4.7% (from 76.3% to 71.6%) in the control arm (Fig. 4). Fig. 4 Reduction in anemia in asymptomatic carriers aged >6 months up to <5 years over 28 days and 12 months Over 12 months, the proportion of asymptomatic carriers aged >6 months up to <5 years with anemia (mild, moderate or severe) decreased in both arms (Day 1 of Campaign 1 to Campaign 4). The proportion in the intervention arm decreased by 29.9% (from 75.7% to 45.8%), compared with a decrease of 36.8% (from 76.3% to 39.