0 ml) lower limit (2 s acquisition time) Background (used for subtraction

of sample) – 33    pAK1-lux 2.7 × 106 ± 1.0 × 107 278 ± 136    pCGLS-1 KU-60019 solubility dmso 1.8 × 106 ± 1.0 × 107 327 ± 136    pXEN-1 5.1 × 106 ± 1.0 × 107 148 ± 141 Item Bacterial concentration (CFU) Photonic emissions (RLU/s) 96-well black plate format (100 μl) lower limit (30 s acquisition time) Background (used for subtraction of sample) – 6    pAK1-lux 3.8 × 103 ± 2.8 × 103 2.0 ± 1.3    pCGLS-1 2.9 × 103 ± 2.8 × 103 1.1 ± 1.3    pXEN-1 2.8 × 103 ± 2.7 × 103 1.1 ± 1.2 Luminescent Salmonella typhimurium with three different plasmids (pAK1-lux, pXEN-1, and pCGLS-1); upper and lower detection limits for black tube format (2 s acquisition time) and low detection limits for black 96-well plate format (30 s acquisition time). The results below are bacterial concentration means ± standard error of the mean and photonic emissions means ± standard error of the mean. When pAK1-lux was used in Edwardsiella ictaluri through 5 orders of magnitude, the relationship of bacterial density and bioluminescence was a linear correlation (r = 0.99) with a minimum detectable number of bacteria in a 96-well plate format of 2500 CFU/ml [7]. Bacteria numbers and bioluminescence correlations were very good (r = 0.99) in 12 strains of Salmonella transferred with the pAK1-lux plasmid and for a majority

of the strains the minimum detectable bacterial numbers was Decitabine order less than 1500 CFU/ml [12]. The above studies were similar to Experiment 2 results of good correlations for pAK1-lux and pXEN-1 evaluated in the 1 ml black centrifuge tube format as well as the black 96-well plate format (Figure 3 and 4). However the plasmid pCGLS-1 did not have as

good a correlation as in the above experiments or relative to the other plasmids in our study for the 1 ml black tube format (Figure 3). We also noted that the minimum detectable concentration for the 1 ml black centrifuge tube is much higher, whereas the minimum detectable concentration for the black 96-well plate format is similar to the above referenced Cytidine deaminase studies [7, 8] (Table 3). Other scientists using ten-fold dilutions of a mid-log-phase culture of Escherichia coli (pCGLS-1) assayed for bioluminescence using a conventional microtiter luminometer and an ICCD camera obtained similar bioluminescence curves for each system [13]. The dynamic range of the ICCD camera was between approximately 2.6 and 6 log units. The bioluminescence curves were found to closely correlate with viable cell counts, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.98 for both the luminometer and ICCD, respectively, and is similar to results from Experiment 2 in the present study (Figure 3 and 4). The sensitivity of the ICCD camera system was also found to be higher than that of the luminometer, detecting a lower limit of approximately 400 cells with a 1-min signal accumulation time as compared to 104 cells shown with the luminometer [13].